This book is a sample book of weaving in each house called Shimachou.
 
In the old times, Japanese weavers cut their woven small textiles into small pieces and kept them in a book like this so that the same pattern could be folded in subsequent years.
 
This one has mainly silk Kasuri and indigo-dyed cotton Kasuri pasted on it about 29 pages. Perhaps it was made over 100 years ago.  
 
Kasuri is Japanese textile technique where threads are resist-dyed before weaving to create patterns with a distinctive blurred effect. Both warp and weft threads can be dyed to form intricate designs, commonly seen in traditional Japanese clothing like kimonos.
 
Measures: 17cm×12cm (6.6in ×4.7in)